Delirium Tremens (DTs)
Definition:
Delirium tremens (DTs) is a severe disturbance of the brain caused by alcohol withdrawal. This condition is serious and can cause death. About 5%-10% of alcohol-dependent people experience DTs.
Causes:
DTs occur when a person who repeatedly drinks large amounts of alcohol suddenly stops or decreases the amount of alcohol consumed.
Risk Factors:
A risk factor is something that increases your chances of getting a disease or condition. Risk factors for DTs include:
- History of DTs
- Other medical problems in addition to alcohol abuse
- Brain damage
Symptoms:
Symptoms usually begin 1-3 days after suddenly stopping or decreasing alcohol intake. Symptoms may include:
- Anxiety
- Confusion
- Delirium (changing levels of consciousness)
- Trouble sleeping
- Bad dreams
- Severe agitation
- Fever
- Hallucinations (the perception of a thing or person that is not present)
- Delusions (a false belief that is held strongly)
- Tremors of the hands, head, or body
- Severe sweating
- Rapid heartbeat
- Nausea
- Increased rate of breathing
- Increased blood pressure
- Increased body temperature
- Seizures
In severe cases, DTs can result in death, especially if untreated.
Diagnosis:
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. The diagnosis of DTs is usually based on the symptoms and signs of the disorder. Tests may include:
- Blood tests to measure liver function or electrolytes
- CT Scan of the Brain – a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of the inside of the brain
Treatment:
Treatment can be difficult. DTs are likely to last for 5-7 days regardless of the therapy used. Clearing of DTs may begin in 12-24 hours but may take up to 2-10 days. Treatment for alcohol abuse is necessary once DTs are under control.
Treatment may include:
Medication
Medications may include:
- Sedatives such as benzodiazepines to:
- Calm agitation
- Ease withdrawal symptoms
- Aspirin or acetaminophen to lower fever
Vitamins and Fluids
Severe, life-threatening vitamin deficiency or dehydration may accompany DTs. Treatment may include oral or injected:
- Fluids
- Vitamin C
- B-complex vitamins, including thiamin and folate
- Magnesium
- Glucose
Rehabilitation
Treatment for alcohol abuse may be done in a hospital setting or while living at home. It may involve individual or group therapy. Many people seek support by participating in groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
Prevention:
To prevent having DTs, do not abuse alcohol. If you do drink large amounts on a regular basis, do not suddenly decrease the amount or stop drinking on your own. Rather, get advice from your doctor on the safest way to lower your intake.
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