Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Definition:
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic problem that causes bones to break easily, often for little or no obvious reason. As many as 50,000 Americans currently have OI, and there are at least four forms of the disease. The sooner OI is detected and treated, the more favorable the outcome—if you suspect that you have this condition, contact your doctor immediately.
Causes:
OI is a genetic disorder that is present at birth. It is caused by an abnormality in collagen.
Risk Factors:
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. If you have the following risk factor for OI, tell your doctor:
Symptoms:
In the four most common types of OI, symptoms may include:
- Bone fractures
- Bone deformity
- Short height
- Loose joints and muscle weakness
- Sclera (whites of the eyes) may have a blue, purple, or gray tint
- Triangular face
- Tendency toward spinal curvature
- Brittle teeth
- Hearing loss
- Breathing problems
Diagnosis:
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination. He or she will probably refer you to a doctor specializing in bone care (an orthopedist) for much of your care. If you have OI, your doctor may diagnose it based on your appearance alone. Tests will likely include:
- A collagen biopsy test
- A genetic (DNA) test
Treatment:
There is presently no cure for OI, so treatment is directed toward:
- Preventing health problems
- Improving independence and mobility
- Developing bone and muscle strength
Also, a surgical procedure called “rodding” is often considered for people with OI. This surgery involves inserting metal rods through the length of the long bones to strengthen them and prevent and/or correct deformities.
Prevention:
OI is caused by a genetic defect. Overall, any person with OI has a 50 percent chance of passing the disease to his or her children. Through genetic counseling, OI can be prevented from being passed from one generation to another.
Problems related to OI can be reduced or prevented by a healthy lifestyle with exercise and good nutrition. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, which may weaken bone and increase fracture risk. |
