Plantar Fasciitis
Definition:
Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the plantar fascia. The plantar fascia is a thick band of tissue attached to the heel bone that supports the arch of the foot.
Causes:
Plantar fasciitis is caused by activity that puts extra stress on the foot, such as:
- Physical exertion, especially in sports that require running and jumping such as:
- Running
- Volleyball
- Tennis
- Sudden increase in exercise intensity or duration
Risk Factors:
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease, condition or injury. The main risk factor for plantar fasciitis is physical activity that stresses the plantar fascia. Other risk factors include:
- Obesity
- Weight gain
- Pre-existing foot problems, including an abnormally tight Achilles tendon (heel cord), flat feet, or unusually high arches
Symptoms:
Symptoms of plantar fasciitis may come on gradually or suddenly. Symptoms include:
- Burning pain on the sole of the foot
- Heel pain when taking the first steps in the morning
- Tenderness when touching the sole or heel
- Pain when standing on tiptoe
Diagnosis:
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and examine your foot.
Tests may include:
- X-ray or bone scan of the foot – to help rule out stress fractures or bone spurs
Treatment:
Treatments include:
Rest – Avoid running and other activities that may worsen pain.
Ice – Apply ice or a cold pack to the heel and arch for 15-20 minutes, 4 times a day to relieve pain. Wrap the ice or cold pack in a towel. Do not apply the ice directly to your skin.
Medication – The following medications can relieve pain and inflammation:
- Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
- Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- Aspirin
- Corticosteroid injections (may be given by a doctor)
Night Splint – This splint will hold your foot in a neutral position while sleeping.
Orthotics – These special shoe inserts provide support for the mid-arch region of your foot.
Physical Therapy – Begin stretching exercises to lengthen the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia as recommended by a health care professional.
Surgery – In a few cases, basic treatments don’t help, and surgery is performed to cut the tight, swollen fascia.
Prevention:
To reduce your risk of getting plantar fasciitis:
- Wear appropriate and well-fitted footwear during sports and exercise.
- Do stretching exercises for the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia.
- Increase intensity and duration of exercise gradually.
- Maintain an appropriate weight
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